Commodity Computing

Commodity computing (or Commodity cluster computing) is to use large numbers of already available computing components for parallel computing to get the greatest amount of useful computation at low cost.[1] It is computing done in commodity computers as opposed to high-cost supermicrocomputers or boutique computers. Commodity computers are computer systems manufactured by multiple vendors, incorporating components based on open standards.

                
The first computers were large, expensive and proprietary. The move towards commodity computing began when DEC introduced the PDP-8 in 1965. This was a computer that was relatively small and inexpensive enough that a department could purchase one without convening a meeting of the board of directors.When the first general purpose microprocessor was introduced in 1974 it immediately began chipping away at the low end of the computer market, replacing embedded minicomputers in many industrial devices.
   
A large part of the current commodity computing marketplace is based on IBM PC compatibles. This typically means systems that are capable of running Microsoft Windows, Linux, or PC-DOS/MS-DOS, without requiring special drivers.

Some of the general characteristics of a commodity computer are:

Shares a base instruction set common to many different models.
Shares an architecture (memory, I/O map and expansion capability) that is common to many different models.
High degree of mechanical compatibility, internal components (CPU, RAM, motherboard, peripheral cards, drives) are interchangeable with other models.
Software is widely available off-the-shelf.
Compatible with most available peripherals, works with most right out of the box.

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